Breaking our unyielding addiction to plastics is easier said than done | World News
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Support for waste management in fast-growing emerging economies will have the largest bearing on on marine pollution. Image: Bloomberg
Could our unshakeable addiction to plastics be broken?
That’s certainly the hope of activists. The US — birthplace of the modern polymers industry, and the biggest producer of its key feedstocks, oil and gas — has joined a bloc supporting a worldwide treaty capping plastics production. That could make a United Nations meeting in South Korea in November into a turning point in the material culture of humanity. The harder challenge will be ensuring that an agreement is workable.
Whichever way you look at it, a mountain of waste polymers is likely to be one of the most lasting monuments of the 21st century. We produce some 400 million metric tons of plastics year in, year out. Except for the roughly 9 per cent that’s recycled and 12 per cent that’s incinerated, all of it ends up somewhere in the environment, whether in a landfill or scattered through our streets, soil and oceans. Do everything feasible to stop that runaway train and we might cut output by about 40 per cent by 2040, according to one influential study. Even such an ambitious scenario would leave more than 10 billion tons of waste by mid-century.
How you feel about that depends on how you weigh the contradictory evidence about the costs and benefits of plastics. It’s not enough to point at a large number and worry about it: Each year we manufacture four billion tons of cement, two billion tons of steel, pump 4.5 billion tons of oil from the ground, and release 35 billion tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Whether you consider that a problem depends on whether you think the waste is damaging (like CO2) or largely harmless, like concrete.
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All that said, with each passing year we see more studies showing how plastics are accumulating in the natural environment and the tissues of humans, animals and plants. Hard evidence of the harm this causes is scant, but the pathways are well understood — from toxic additives that can be leached out over time, to pollutants absorbed in the environment the way static picks up dust, and then released deep inside the body. Few regret the precautionary approach that previous generations took in the face of early evidence about the harmful effects from tobacco, ozone-depleting chemicals or greenhouse gases. Given the immense difficulty we will have reining in our polymer habit, a similarly proactive policy makes sense.
Support for waste management in fast-growing emerging economies will have the largest bearing on on marine pollution. A hard cap, however, could be the sort of difficult-to-achieve target that concentrates minds and unlocks human ingenuity.
Those reductions shouldn’t be impossible to achieve. Most would argue that Japan and South Korea have comparable living standards to the US, but the latter consumes two-and-a-half times as much plastics per capita. If the world as a whole could reduce our usage to roughly the level China sees today and increase reuse toward the rates at which the European Union recycles polymer packaging, we might hold production of new plastics below 500 million tons a year.
That might not sound like much, but it would still be a phenomenal achievement, especially when put against forecasts by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development that we might be heading to more than double those levels.
Disclaimer: This is a Bloomberg Opinion piece, and these are the personal opinions of the writer. They do not reflect the views of www.business-standard.com or the Business Standard newspaper
First Published: Sep 16 2024 | 7:26 AM IST
